| Week | Topics | Study Materials | Materials |
| 1 |
Week 1 – Introduction to Research and Fundamental Concepts
• What is science and scientific knowledge?
• Definition and purpose of research
• Characteristics of scientific research
• Types of research (basic, applied)
• The difference between everyday knowledge and scientific knowledge
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 2 |
2. Week – Scientific Research Process
• Stages of the research process
• Problem identification
• Writing the purpose and significance
• Research questions
• Assumptions and limitations
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 3 |
3. Week – Research Topic and Problem Definition
• How is a research topic selected?
• Writing a problem statement
• Sub-problems
• Research feasibility
• Establishing a connection with the literature
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 4 |
4. Week – Literature Review
• Purpose of the literature review
• National and international sources
• Academic databases (Google Scholar, DergiPark, etc.)
• Criteria for selecting sources
• Literature summary
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 5 |
5. Week – Types of Research
• Quantitative research
• Qualitative research
• Mixed methods
• Comparative research
• Descriptive and experimental research
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 6 |
Week 6 – Research Models
• Survey model • Experimental model • Relational model • Case study • Phenomenology, ethnography
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 7 |
7. Week – Population and Sample
• The concept of population • Sample and sampling • Types of probability sampling • Types of non-probability sampling • Sample size
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 8 |
Data Collection Methods
• Data types (primary–secondary) • Survey method • Interview method • Observation method • Document review (document analysis) method
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| 9 |
Measurement Instruments
• The concept of a scale • Stages of questionnaire preparation • Types of questions • Likert-type scales • Measurement errors
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 10 |
Validity and Reliability
• Types of validity • The concept of reliability • Reliability coefficients • Testing the measurement instrument • Research quality
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 11 |
Data Analysis (Basic)
• Data coding • Frequency and percentage • Mean, median, mode • Creating tables and graphs • Descriptive statistics
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 12 |
Quantitative Data Analysis
• Correlation analysis • t-test • ANOVA • SPSS usage (basic) • Interpretation of findings
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 13 |
Qualitative Data Analysis and Research Ethics
• Content analysis • Descriptive analysis • Themes and coding • Research ethics • Plagiarism and ethical violations
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LECTURE NOTES
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| 14 |
Research Report Writing and Presentation
• Research report sections
• Writing abstracts and conclusions
• Formatting references (APA)
• Presenting findings
• Academic presentation techniques
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